Xirmada la qaadan karo waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa UV-la daweyn karo fiberglass/vinyl ester ama kaarboon fiber/poxy prepreg lagu kaydiyo heerkulka qolka iyo qalabka wax lagu daweeyo ee ku shaqeeya baytarigu. #gudaha wax soo saarka #kaabayaasha
Dayactirka balastar prepreg UV-la daweyn karo Inkastoo dayactirka fiber carbon/poxy prepreg ee ay samaysay Custom Technologies LLC ee buundada isku dhafan ee gudaha ay caddeeyeen inay tahay mid fudud oo degdeg ah, isticmaalka fiberka dhalada ah ayaa xoojiyay UV-la daweyn karo vinyl ester resin Prepreg wuxuu sameeyay nidaam ku habboon. Isha sawirka: Custom Technologies LLC
Buundooyinka la diri karo ee moodeelka ah ayaa ah hanti muhiim u ah hawlgallada xeeladaysan ee militariga iyo saadka, iyo sidoo kale soo celinta kaabayaasha gaadiidka inta lagu jiro masiibooyinka dabiiciga ah. Dhismayaasha isku dhafan ayaa la daraaseeyaa si loo yareeyo miisaanka buundooyinkaas, si loo yareeyo culeyska gaadiidka gaadiidka iyo hababka dib u soo kabashada. Marka la barbar dhigo buundooyinka birta ah, walxaha isku dhafan waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin awood ay ku kordhiyaan awoodda culeyska waxayna kordhiyaan nolosha adeegga.
Buundada Advanced Modular Composite Bridge (AMCB) waa tusaale. Seemann Composites LLC (Gulfport, Mississippi, US) iyo Maadooyinka Sayniska LLC (Horsham, PA, US) waxay isticmaalaan kaarboon-fibre-xoojiye epoxy laminates (Jaantuska 1). ) Naqshad iyo dhismo). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda dayactirka dhismayaasha noocaas ah ee berrinka ayaa ahaa arrin caqabad ku ah qaadashada alaabta isku dhafan.
Jaantuska 1 Buundada Isku-dhafka ah, hantida gudaha ee muhiimka ah ee Sare ee Buundada Isku-dhafka Modular (AMCB) waxaa nashqadeeyey oo ay dhiseen Seemann Composites LLC iyo Materials Sciences LLC iyadoo la isticmaalayo fiber carbon-ka la xoojiyay isku-dhafka resin epoxy. Isha sawirka: Seeman Composites LLC (bidix) iyo Ciidanka Maraykanka (midig).
Sannadkii 2016, Custom Technologies LLC (Millersville, MD, US) waxay heshay deeq-lacageedka 1-aad ee Cilmi-baadhista Hal-abuurka Ganacsiga Yaryar ee Maraykanku maalgeliyo (SBIR) si loo horumariyo habka dayactirka oo si guul leh loogu samayn karo goobta askartu. Iyada oo ku saleysan habkan, wejiga labaad ee deeqda SBIR ayaa la guddoonsiiyay 2018 si ay u soo bandhigto qalab cusub iyo qalab batari ku shaqeeya, xitaa haddii balastar uu sameeyo qof cusub oo aan horay u tababaran, 90% ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka ayaa dib loo soo celin karaa xoog ceeriin. Suurtagalnimada tignoolajiyada waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa samaynta falanqayn taxane ah, xulashada agabka, muunadyada wax soo saarka iyo hawlaha tijaabada farsamada, iyo sidoo kale dayactirka cabbirka yar iyo kan buuxa.
Cilmi-baaraha ugu weyn ee labada weji ee SBIR waa Michael Bergen, aasaasaha iyo madaxweynaha Custom Technologies LLC. Bergen wuxuu ka fariistay Carderock oo ka tirsan Xarunta Dagaalka Dusha Sare ee Badda (NSWC) wuxuuna ka soo shaqeeyay Waaxda Qaab-dhismeedka iyo Qalabka 27 sano, halkaas oo uu ku maamulay horumarinta iyo adeegsiga tignoolajiyada isku dhafan ee maraakiibta ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka. Dr. Roger Crane waxa uu ku biiray Custom Technologies 2015 ka dib markii uu ka fadhiistay Ciidanka Badda Maraykanka 2011 waxana uu u shaqaynayey 32 sano. Khibraddiisa agabka isku dhafan waxaa ka mid ah daabacaadyo farsamo iyo shatiyo, oo daboolaya mowduucyo ay ka mid yihiin agabyo cusub oo isku dhafan, wax-soo-saar nooc ah, hababka isku xirka, agabka isku-dhafka ah ee shaqada badan, la socodka caafimaadka qaabdhismeedka, iyo soo celinta walxaha isku dhafan.
Labada khabiir ayaa soo saaray hannaan gaar ah oo isticmaalaya qalab isku dhafan si ay u hagaajiyaan dildilaaca aluminiumka sare ee Ticonderoga CG-47 fasalka gantaalaha gantaalaha ee 5456. "Habka waxaa loo sameeyay si loo yareeyo koritaanka dildilaaca iyo in ay u adeegaan bedelka dhaqaale ee beddelka guddiga madal ee 2 ilaa 4 milyan oo doolar," ayuu yiri Bergen. "Sidaas darteed waxaan caddaynay in aan ognahay sida loo dayactiro meel ka baxsan shaybaarka iyo jawiga adeegga dhabta ah. Laakiin caqabada ayaa ah in hababka hantida milatariga ee hadda aan aad loo guuleysan. Ikhtiyaarka ayaa ah dayactirka laba-laabka ah [asal ahaan meelaha burbursan Ku dheji guddiga sare] ama ka saar hantida adeegga loogu talagalay dayactirka heerka bakhaarka (D-heer) sababtoo ah dayactirka heerka D ayaa loo baahan yahay, hanti badan ayaa loo baahan yahay. "
Isagoo hadalkiisa sii wata ayuu sheegay in waxa loo baahan yahay ay tahay qaab ay ku shaqeyn karaan askarta aan khibrada u laheyn agabka isku dhafka ah, iyagoo isticmaalaya kaliya qalabyada iyo buugaagta dayactirka. Hadafkayagu waa in aan habka fudud ka dhigno: akhri buug-gacmeedka, qiimee burburka oo aan samayno dayactir. Ma doonayno in aan isku qasno xabagta dareeraha ah, sababtoo ah tani waxay u baahan tahay cabbir sax ah si loo hubiyo in si buuxda loo daweynayo. Waxaan sidoo kale u baahanahay nidaam aan lahayn qashinka khatarta ah ka dib markii dayactirka la dhammeeyo. Waana in loo baakadeeyo sidii qalab ay adeegsan karaan shabakada hadda jirta. ”
Hal xal oo Tiknoolajiyada Gaarka ah ay si guul leh u muujiyeen waa xirmo la qaadi karo oo adeegsata xabagta epoxy adag si loo habeeyo balastar isku dhafan ee koollada iyadoo loo eegayo cabbirka dhaawaca (illaa 12 inji oo laba jibbaaran). Mudaaharaadka ayaa lagu dhameeyay walxo isku dhafan oo matalaya sagxadda AMCB ee dhumucda 3-inch. Qalabka isku dhafan wuxuu leeyahay 3-inch oo dhumucdiisuna alwaax balsa ah (15 rodol cubic cag cubic) iyo laba lakab oo Vectorply (Phoenix, Arizona, US) C -LT 1100 carbon fiber 0 ° / 90 ° biaxial dhar tolsan, hal lakab oo C-TLX 1900 carbon fiber 0 °/+ 45 ° / - laba lakab oo C 1100, wadar ahaan shan lakab. "Waxaan go'aansanay in qalabku uu isticmaali doono balastar horay loo sii diyaariyey oo ku yaal laminate quasi-isotropic oo la mid ah dhidibo badan si jihada dharku aysan u noqon arrin," Crane ayaa yidhi.
Arrinka soo socda waa matrix resin ee loo isticmaalo dayactirka laminateerka. Si looga fogaado isku darka xabagta dareeraha ah, balastarku wuxuu isticmaali doonaa prepreg. "Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caqabadahani waa kaydinta," Bergen ayaa sharaxay. Si loo horumariyo xal balastar la kaydin karo, Tiknoolajiyada Custom waxay la kaashatay Sunrez Corp. (El Cajon, California, USA) si ay u horumariyaan fiber/vinyl ester prepreg galaas ah oo isticmaali kara iftiinka ultraviolet (UV) lix daqiiqo gudaheed. Waxa kale oo ay iskaashi la samaysay Gougeon Brothers (Bay City, Michigan, USA), kaas oo soo jeediyay isticmaalka filim cusub oo epoxy dabacsan.
Daraasadihii hore waxay muujiyeen in resin epoxy uu yahay xabagta ugu habboon ee prepregs-fiber-ka-carbon-UV-ku-daweyn kara vinyl ester iyo fiber galaas translucent ah si fiican u shaqeeyaan, laakiin kuma daaweeyaan fiber-ka-carbon hoostooda. Iyada oo ku saleysan filimka cusub ee Gougeon Brothers, prepreg-ga ugu dambeeya epoxy-ga ayaa lagu daaweeyaa 1 saac 210°F/99°C wuxuuna leeyahay nolol shelf dheer heerkulka qolka-looma baahna kaydin heerkul hoose ah. Bergen waxa uu sheegay in haddii loo baahdo heerkulka kala-guurka dhalada sare (Tg), xabagta sidoo kale lagu dawayn doono heerkul sare, sida 350°F/177°C. Labada prepreg waxaa lagu bixiyaa xirmo la qaadi karo oo dayactir ah sida xirmo balastar prepreg ah oo lagu shaabadeeyey baqshad filim caag ah.
Maadaama qalabka dayactirka lagu kaydin karo wakhti dheer, Tiknoolajiyada Gaarka ah ayaa looga baahan yahay inay sameeyaan daraasad nolol shelf ah. "Waxaan soo iibsannay afar balaastig ah oo adag-nooc milatari oo caadi ah oo loo isticmaalo qalabka gaadiidka - waxaanan gelinnay muunado ah xabagta epoxy iyo vinyl ester prepreg meel kasta," ayuu yiri Bergen. Sanduuqyada ayaa markaa la dhigay afar goobood oo kala duwan si loogu tijaabiyo: saqafka warshadda Gougeon Brothers ee Michigan, saqafka garoonka diyaaradaha ee Maryland, xarunta bannaanka ee Dooxada Yucca (la degaanka California), iyo shaybaarka baaritaanka daxalka ee dibadda ee koonfurta Florida. Dhammaan kiisaska waxay leeyihiin xog-gajiyeyaal, Bergen ayaa tilmaamay, "Waxaan qaadnaa xog iyo muunado agab si loo qiimeeyo saddexdii biloodba mar. Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee lagu diiwaangeliyey sanduuqyada Florida iyo California waa 140 ° F, taas oo u fiican inta badan resins soo celinta. Waa caqabad dhab ah." Intaa waxaa dheer, Gougeon Brothers gudaha waxay tijaabisay resin epoxy saafi ah oo dhowaan la sameeyay. "Samballada lagu riday foornada 120 ° F dhowr bilood waxay bilaabaan inay polymerize," ayuu yiri Bergen. "Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muunado u dhigma oo lagu hayo 110°F, kimistariga resin-ka ayaa wax yar uun ku hagaajiyey."
Dayactirka waxaa lagu caddeeyey guddiga tijaabada iyo qaabka miisaanka AMCB, kaas oo isticmaalay laminate iyo walxaha asaasiga ah ee buundada asalka ah ee ay dhistay Seemann Composites. Isha sawirka: Custom Technologies LLC
Si loo muujiyo farsamada dib-u-hagaajinta, lakabka wakiilku waa in la soo saaraa, la burburiyaa oo la hagaajiyaa. "Wajigii hore ee mashruuca, waxaan markii hore isticmaalnay 4 x 48-inch alwaaxyo yar yar iyo afar-dhibcood imtixaannada foorarsiga si aan u qiimeyno suurtagalnimada habka dayactirkayaga," ayuu yiri Klein. "Ka dib, waxaan u gudubnay 12 x 48 inch panels ee wejiga labaad ee mashruuca, waxaan isticmaalnay culeysyo si aan u abuurno xaalad walaac ah oo biaxial ah si ay u keento fashil, ka dibna waxaan qiimeynay waxqabadka dayactirka. Marxaladda labaad, waxaan sidoo kale dhamaystirnay qaabka AMCB ee aan dhisnay Dayactirka."
Bergen wuxuu sheegay in guddiga tijaabada ah ee loo isticmaalo in lagu caddeeyo waxqabadka dayactirka lagu sameeyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo isla line-ka laminates iyo qalabka asaasiga ah sida AMCB ay soo saartay Seemann Composites, "laakiin waxaan hoos u dhignay dhumucda guddiga laga bilaabo 0.375 inches ilaa 0.175 inches, taas oo ku salaysan aragtida dhidibka barbar-dhigga. qallafsanaanta iyo qallafsanaanta waxtarka leh ee AMCB-ga oo dhan oo leh badeecad yar oo cabbir ah oo sahlan in la maareeyo oo ka badan kharash-ku-ool ah, ka dibna, annagu Qaabka falanqaynta element-ka ee ay soo saartay XCraft Inc. (Boston, Massachusetts, USA) ayaa loo isticmaalay si loo hagaajiyo naqshadeynta dayactirka dhismaha. " Dharka kaarboonka ee loo isticmaalo baalasha tijaabada iyo nooca AMCB waxaa laga soo iibsaday Vectorply, balsa core waxaa sameeyay Core Composites (Bristol, RI, US) oo la bixiyay.
Talaabada 1aad Isha sawirka dhammaan tillaabooyinka: Custom Technologies LLC.
Tallaabada 2. Isticmaal furimaha gacanta ee baytari ku shaqeeya si aad meesha uga saarto shayada dhaawacan oo ku xidh balastar 12:1 ah.
"Waxaan rabnaa inaan ka dhigno waxyeello heer sare ah oo ku jirta guddiga tijaabada marka loo eego laga yaabo in lagu arko buundada garoonka," Bergen ayaa sharraxay. "Marka habkayagu waa in aan isticmaalno miinshaar godka si aan u samayno dalool dhexroor 3-inji ah, ka dib, waxaan ka soo saarnay furka walxaha waxyeellada leh oo aan isticmaalno boomaatada pneumatic ee gacanta lagu hayo si aan u farsameyno shaati 12: 1."
Crane wuxuu sharxay in dayactirka fiber-ka carbon/poxy, mar alla markii laga saaro shayga guddiga "waxyeeloobay" oo maro ku habboon la mariyo, prepreg-gu waa la gooyn doonaa ballaca iyo dhererka si loo waafajiyo taper ee aagga dhaawacan. "Guddigayaga tijaabada, tani waxay u baahan tahay afar lakab oo prepreg ah si ay u ilaaliso alaabta dayactirka si waafaqsan dusha sare ee guddiga kaarboonka ee asalka ah ee aan waxyeello gaarin. Taas ka dib, saddexda lakab ee daboolaya kaarboon / epoxy prepreg waxay ku urursan yihiin tan qaybta la hagaajiyay Wadarta wakhtiga la samaynayo dayactirkan oo ay ku jirto diyaarinta goobta dayactirka, Goynta iyo dhigista alaabta soo celinta iyo codsanaya habka daaweynta-qiyaastii 2.5 saacadood.
Wixii kaarboon fiber/epoxy prepreg ah, aagga dayactirku waa faakuum baa ka buuxaan oo lagu daaweeyaa 210°F/99°C hal saac iyadoo la isticmaalayo isku-xidhka kulaylka ku shaqeeya baytari.
Inkasta oo dayactirka kaarboon / epoxy uu yahay mid fudud oo degdeg ah, kooxdu waxay aqoonsatay baahida loo qabo xal ku habboon si loo soo celiyo waxqabadka. Tani waxay horseeday sahaminta ultraviolet (UV) daaweynta prepregs. "Xiisaha Sunrez vinyl ester resins wuxuu ku salaysan yahay waayo-aragnimadii hore ee badda ee aasaasihii shirkadda Mark Livesay," Bergen ayaa sharraxay. "Waxaan marka hore siinay Sunrez oo leh muraayad quraarad ah oo quasi-isotropic ah, iyadoo la adeegsanayo prepreg vinyl ester prepreg, waxaanan qiimeynay qalooca daaweynta xaaladaha kala duwan
Dhibaato kale ayaa ah in fiilooyinka dhalooyinka aysan bixin karin sifooyin farsamo oo isku mid ah sida fiilooyinka kaarboonka. "Marka la barbardhigo kaarboonka / epoxy patch, dhibaatadan waxaa lagu xalliyaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo lakab dheeraad ah oo galaas ah / vinyl ester," ayuu yiri Crane. "Sababta sababta hal lakab oo dheeri ah loogu baahan yahay waa in walxaha muraayaddu ay yihiin dhar ka culus." Tani waxay soo saartaa balastar ku habboon oo lagu dabaqi karo oo la isku dari karo lix daqiiqo gudaheed xitaa heerkulka gudaha ee aad u qabow/barafoobay. Daawaynta iyada oo aan la siin kuleyl. Crane waxa uu tilmaamay in hawshan dayactirka ah lagu dhamayn karo saacad gudaheed.
Labada hab ee balastar waa la soo bandhigay waana la tijaabiyay. Dayactir kasta, meesha ay wax yeelayso waa la calaamadeeyay (tallaabada 1), oo lagu abuuray miinshaar dalool ah, ka dibna laga saaray iyada oo la adeegsanayo furimaha gacanta ee baytari ku shaqeeya (tallaabada 2). Kadibna meesha la hagaajiyay u jar 12:1 taper. Ku nadiifi dusha sare ee maro suuf alkohol ah (tallaabo 3). Marka xigta, jar balastarka dayactirka qiyaas gaar ah, dhig dusha nadiifka ah (tallaabada 4) oo ku adkee rullaluistemadka si aad uga saarto goobooyinka hawada. Wixii fiber galaas ah/UV-curing vinyl ester prepreg, dabadeed dhig lakabka la sii daayo meesha la dayactiray oo ku daaw balastarka laambad UV oo aan xadhig lahayn lix daqiiqo (tallaabada 5). Si aad u diyaarisid fiber-ka carbon/epoxy prepreg, isticmaal badhan hore loo sii qorsheeyay, hal-badhan, xidhaha kulaylka ku shaqeeya baytariga si aad ugu xidho xidhmo faaruq ah oo ku daaw meesha la dayactiray 210°F/99°C hal saac.
Tallaabada 5. Ka dib markaad lakabka diirka saartid meesha la hagaajiyay, isticmaal nalka UV ee aan xadhig lahayn si aad u daaweyso balastarka 6 daqiiqo.
"Ka dib waxaan sameynay baaritaano si aan u qiimeyno xabagta dhejiska iyo awoodda ay u leedahay inay dib u soo celiso awoodda culeyska ee qaabdhismeedka," ayuu yiri Bergen. "Marxaladda koowaad, waxaan u baahanahay inaan caddeyno fududeynta codsiga iyo awoodda dib u soo kabashada ugu yaraan 75% xoogga. Tani waxaa lagu sameeyaa afar-dhibcood oo foorarsan oo ku saabsan 4 x 48 inch carbon fiber / epoxy resin iyo balsa core beam ka dib markii la dayactiro burburka la midka ah. Haa. Wajiga labaad ee mashruuca wuxuu isticmaalay 12 x 48 inch panel, waana in aan la kulannaa dhammaan shuruudaha culeyska badan. shuruudaha, ka dibna sawiray hababka dayactirka ee qaabka AMCB Sida loo isticmaalo tignoolajiyada gudaha iyo qalabka si loo bixiyo tixraac muuqaal ah."
Arrin muhiim ah oo mashruuca ka mid ah ayaa ah in la caddeeyo in kuwa cusubi ay si fudud u dhammaystiri karaan dayactirka. Sababtan awgeed, Bergen wuxuu lahaa fikrad: "Waxaan ballan qaaday inaan muujino labadayada xiriir ee farsamada ee Ciidanka: Dr. Bernard Sia iyo Ashley Genna. Dib-u-eegistii ugu dambeysay ee wejiga koowaad ee mashruuca, waxaan waydiistay dayactir la'aan. Ashley khibrad leh ayaa samaysay dayactirka. Isticmaalka qalabka iyo buug-gacmeedka aan bixinay, waxay codsatay balastar waxayna dhamaystirtay dayactirka iyada oo aan wax dhibaato ah la kulmin. "
Jaantuska 2 Mashiinka isku xidhka kulaylka ee batteriga ku shaqeeya ee horay loo sii qorsheeyay, batari ku shaqeeya ayaa dawayn kara balastar-fibre kaarboon/epoxy marka la riixo badhanka, iyada oo aan loo baahnayn aqoonta dayactirka ama daawaynta barnaamijka wareegga wareegga. Isha sawirka: Custom Technologies, LLC
Horumarka kale ee muhiimka ah waa nidaamka daaweynta batari ku shaqeeya (Jaantuska 2). "Iyada oo loo marayo dayactirka gudaha gudaha, waxaad haysataa oo keliya awoodda baytari," Bergen ayaa tilmaamay. "Dhammaan qalabka nidaamka ee xirmada dayactirka ee aan soo saarnay waa wireless." Tan waxa ku jira isku xidhka kulaylka ku shaqeeya baytari ay si wada jir ah u soo saareen Tiknoolajiyada Custom iyo mishiinka xidhidhiyaha kulaylka ee iibiyaha WichiTech Industries Inc. (Randallstown, Maryland, USA). "Xidhiyaha kulaylka kuleyliyaha ee batteriga ku shaqeeya horay ayaa loo qorsheeyay si loo dhammeeyo daaweynta, markaa kuwa cusub uma baahna inay barnaamijiyaan wareegga daaweynta," ayuu yiri Crane. "Waxay u baahan yihiin oo kaliya inay riixaan badhan si ay u dhamaystiraan socodka saxda ah oo ay qooyaan." Baytariyada hadda la isticmaalo waxay socon karaan hal sano ka hor intaysan u baahnayn in dib loo damiyo.
Marka la dhammeeyo wajiga labaad ee mashruuca, Custom Technologies waxay diyaarinaysaa soo jeedinta hagaajinta dabagalka iyo ururinta waraaqaha xiisaha iyo taageerada. "Hadafkayagu waa inaan u bislaanno tignoolajiyadan TRL 8 oo aan keeno garoonka," ayuu yiri Bergen. "Waxaan sidoo kale aragnaa suurtagalnimada codsiyada aan militariga ahayn."
Wuxuu sharxayaa farshaxankii hore ee ka dambeeya xoojinta fiber-ka ugu horreysa ee warshadaha, wuxuuna leeyahay faham qotodheer oo ku saabsan sayniska fiber-ka cusub iyo horumarka mustaqbalka.
Si dhakhso ah u soo duulaya oo duulaya markii ugu horeysay, 787 waxay ku tiirsan tahay hal-abuurnimada agabka iyo hababka isku dhafan si loo gaaro yoolalkeeda
Waqtiga boostada: Sebtembar-02-2021